加拉格尔用绝望程度来比较长期暴露疗法和认知处理疗法。研究发现无望感与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状之间存在较强的关联。绝望是创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的一种众所周知且常被讨论的症状。它会导致自我毁灭的行为，并限制未来的规划。绝望常被用来衡量一个人的创伤处理水平。2005年，Finkelhor指出，青少年受害者容易再次受害，这进一步加重了创伤的负面影响。在这个样本中，Finkelhor发现22%的受害儿童仅在前一年就经历了四种或更多不同形式的受害。这是有道理的，因为我们知道，创伤幸存者有意识或潜意识地试图重温往事，并可能把自己置于危险的境地，试图控制过去的经历。未经治疗的儿童和青少年创伤可导致更多的心理损害，并进一步限制生活结果。2005年，Anda发现高水平的感知压力与ACE分数之间存在相关性。当参与者报告更多的不良童年经历时，他们也报告了更高的压力水平。较低的压力容忍度并不适合接受高等教育，如果一个人已经感到压力很大，那么他上大学的可能性可能会更小。研究还发现，随着参与者报告的不良经历增多，抑郁情绪也会增加。50%的参与者有四个或更多的不良经历，表现出抑郁的情绪，只有18%的参与者没有不良经历。抑郁导致缺乏动力，这也会抑制更高的成就。
新西兰护理作业代写:比较治疗法
In 2011 Gallagher used hopelessness ratings as a way to compare prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy. The study found a relatively strong association between feelings of hopelessness and PTSD symptoms. Hopelessness is a well known and discussed symptom of PTSD. It can lead to self destructive behaviors and limit future planning. Hopelessness is often used as a measurement to gauge a person’s level of trauma processing.In 2005, Finkelhor showed that juvenile victims are prone to re-victimization which further compounds the negative affects of trauma. In this sample, Finkelhor found that twenty-two percent of victimized children experienced four or more different forms of victimization in just the previous year. This makes sense as we know that trauma survivors are known to consciously or subconsciously attempt to relive events and can put themselves in dangerous situations in an attempt to gain control of past experiences. Untreated childhood and adolescent trauma can lead to more psychological damage and further limit life outcomes.In 2005, Anda found a correlation between a high levels of perceived stress and ACE scores. As participants reported more adverse childhood experiences they also reported higher levels of stress. A low stress tolerance does not lend itself to higher education and an individual would probably be less likely to start college if they already feel they are under a lot of stress. The study also found increased depressed affects as participants reported more ACEs. Fifty percent of participants with ACEs of four or more, presented with a depressed affect and only eighteen percent of participants having zero ACEs. Depression causes a lack of motivation which will also inhibit higher achievement.
